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RIOT/cpu/kinetis_common/periph/timer.c 20 KB
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  /*
   * Copyright (C) 2016 Eistec AB
   * Copyright (C) 2014 Freie Universität Berlin
   * Copyright (C) 2014-2015 PHYTEC Messtechnik GmbH
   *
   * This file is subject to the terms and conditions of the GNU Lesser General
   * Public License v2.1. See the file LICENSE in the top level directory for more
   * details.
   */
  
  /**
   * @ingroup     cpu_kinetis_common_timer
   *
   * @{
   *
   * @file
   * @brief       Low-level timer driver implementation
   *
   * @author      Hauke Petersen <hauke.petersen@fu-berlin.de>
   * @author      Johann Fischer <j.fischer@phytec.de>
   * @author      Joakim Nohlgård <joakim.nohlgard@eistec.se>
   *
   * @}
   */
  
  #include <stdlib.h>
  
  #include "cpu.h"
  #include "board.h"
  #include "periph_conf.h"
  #include "periph/timer.h"
  
  #define ENABLE_DEBUG (0)
  #include "debug.h"
  
  #define PIT_MAX_VALUE     (PIT_LDVAL_TSV_MASK >> PIT_LDVAL_TSV_SHIFT)
  #define LPTMR_MAX_VALUE   (LPTMR_CNR_COUNTER_MASK >> LPTMR_CNR_COUNTER_SHIFT)
  
  #if TIMER_NUMOF != (PIT_NUMOF + LPTMR_NUMOF)
  #error TIMER_NUMOF should be the total of PIT and LPTMR timers in the system
  #endif
  
  /*
   * The RTC prescaler will normally count to 32767 every second unless configured
   * otherwise through the time compensation register.
   */
  #define TIMER_RTC_SUBTICK_MAX (0x7fff)
  /*
   * Number of bits in the ideal RTC prescaler counter
   */
  #define TIMER_RTC_SUBTICK_BITS (15)
  
  /**
   * @brief  The number of ticks that will be lost when setting a new target in the LPTMR
   *
   * The counter will otherwise drop ticks when setting new timeouts.
   */
  #define LPTMR_RELOAD_OVERHEAD 2
  
  /**
   * @brief  Base clock frequency of the LPTMR module
   */
  /* The LPTMR implementation is hard-coded to use ER32KCLK */
  #define LPTMR_BASE_FREQ (32768ul)
  
  /* PIT channel state */
  typedef struct {
      timer_isr_ctx_t isr_ctx;
      uint32_t count;
      uint32_t tctrl;
      uint32_t ldval;
  } pit_t;
  
  /* LPTMR state */
  typedef struct {
      timer_isr_ctx_t isr_ctx;
      uint32_t csr;
      uint32_t cmr;
      uint32_t running;
      uint16_t reference;
      uint16_t rtt_offset;
  } lptmr_t;
  
  static const pit_conf_t pit_config[PIT_NUMOF] = PIT_CONFIG;
  static const lptmr_conf_t lptmr_config[LPTMR_NUMOF] = LPTMR_CONFIG;
  
  static pit_t pit[PIT_NUMOF];
  static lptmr_t lptmr[LPTMR_NUMOF];
  
  /**
   * @brief  lvalue accessor for PIT channel enable bit in the bitband region
   */
  #define PIT_BITBAND_TEN(ch) (BITBAND_REG32(PIT->CHANNEL[ch].TCTRL, PIT_TCTRL_TEN_SHIFT))
  
  /**
   * @brief  Find out whether a given timer is a LPTMR or a PIT timer
   */
  static inline unsigned int _timer_variant(tim_t dev) {
      if ((unsigned int) dev >= PIT_NUMOF) {
          return TIMER_LPTMR;
      }
      else {
          return TIMER_PIT;
      }
  }
  
  /**
   * @brief  Find device index in the pit_config array
   */
  static inline unsigned int _pit_index(tim_t dev) {
      return ((unsigned int)dev) - TIMER_DEV(0);
  }
  
  /**
   * @brief  Get TIMER_x enum value from PIT device index
   */
  static inline tim_t _pit_tim_t(uint8_t dev) {
      return (tim_t)(((unsigned int)TIMER_DEV(0)) + dev);
  }
  
  /**
   * @brief  Find device index in the lptmr_config array
   */
  static inline unsigned int _lptmr_index(tim_t dev) {
      return ((unsigned int)dev) - TIMER_DEV(0) - PIT_NUMOF;
  }
  
  /**
   * @brief  Get TIMER_x enum value from LPTMR device index
   */
  static inline tim_t _lptmr_tim_t(uint8_t dev) {
      return (tim_t)(((unsigned int)TIMER_DEV(0)) + PIT_NUMOF + dev);
  }
  
  /* ****** PIT module functions ****** */
  
  /* Forward declarations */
  inline static int pit_init(uint8_t dev, uint32_t freq, timer_cb_t cb, void *arg);
  inline static int pit_set(uint8_t dev, uint32_t timeout);
  inline static int pit_set_absolute(uint8_t dev, uint32_t target);
  inline static int pit_clear(uint8_t dev);
  inline static uint32_t pit_read(uint8_t dev);
  inline static void pit_start(uint8_t dev);
  inline static void pit_stop(uint8_t dev);
  inline static void pit_irq_handler(tim_t dev);
  
  inline static void _pit_set_cb_config(uint8_t dev, timer_cb_t cb, void *arg)
  {
      /* set callback function */
      pit[dev].isr_ctx.cb = cb;
      pit[dev].isr_ctx.arg = arg;
  }
  
  /** use channel n-1 as prescaler */
  inline static void _pit_set_prescaler(uint8_t ch, uint32_t freq)
  {
      /* Disable channel completely */
      PIT->CHANNEL[ch].TCTRL = 0x0;
      PIT->CHANNEL[ch].LDVAL = (PIT_BASECLOCK / freq) - 1;
      /* Start the prescaler counter immediately */
      PIT->CHANNEL[ch].TCTRL = (PIT_TCTRL_TEN_MASK);
  }
  
  inline static void _pit_set_counter(uint8_t dev)
  {
      const uint8_t ch = pit_config[dev].count_ch;
      /* Disable channel completely */
      PIT->CHANNEL[ch].TCTRL = 0x0;
      PIT->CHANNEL[ch].LDVAL = pit[dev].ldval;
      PIT->CHANNEL[ch].TFLG = PIT_TFLG_TIF_MASK;
      /* Restore previous timer state */
      PIT->CHANNEL[ch].TCTRL = pit[dev].tctrl;
  }
  
  inline static int pit_init(uint8_t dev, uint32_t freq, timer_cb_t cb, void *arg)
  {
      PIT_CLOCKGATE = 1;
      /* Completely disable the module before messing with the settings */
      PIT->MCR = PIT_MCR_MDIS_MASK;
  
      /* Disable IRQs to avoid race with ISR */
      unsigned int mask = irq_disable();
  
      /* Clear configuration */
      PIT->CHANNEL[pit_config[dev].count_ch].TCTRL = 0;
  
      /* Freeze timers during debug break, resume normal operations (clear MDIS) */
      PIT->MCR = PIT_MCR_FRZ_MASK;
  
      _pit_set_cb_config(dev, cb, arg);
  
      /* Clear IRQ flag */
      PIT->CHANNEL[pit_config[dev].count_ch].TFLG = PIT_TFLG_TIF_MASK;
      /* Refactor the below lines if there are any CPUs where the PIT IRQs are not sequential */
      NVIC_ClearPendingIRQ(PIT0_IRQn + pit_config[dev].count_ch);
      NVIC_EnableIRQ(PIT0_IRQn + pit_config[dev].count_ch);
  
      /* Reset up-counter */
      pit[dev].count = PIT_MAX_VALUE;
      pit[dev].ldval = PIT_MAX_VALUE;
      pit[dev].tctrl = PIT_TCTRL_CHN_MASK | PIT_TCTRL_TEN_MASK;
      _pit_set_prescaler(pit_config[dev].prescaler_ch, freq);
      _pit_set_counter(dev);
  
      irq_restore(mask);
      return 0;
  }
  
  inline static int pit_set(uint8_t dev, uint32_t timeout)
  {
      const uint8_t ch = pit_config[dev].count_ch;
      /* Disable IRQs to minimize the number of lost ticks */
      unsigned int mask = irq_disable();
      pit[dev].ldval = timeout;
      pit[dev].tctrl = PIT_TCTRL_TIE_MASK | PIT_TCTRL_CHN_MASK | PIT_TCTRL_TEN_MASK;
      /* Add the new timeout offset to the up-counter */
      pit[dev].count += timeout;
      if (PIT_BITBAND_TEN(ch) != 0) {
          /* Timer is currently running */
          uint32_t cval = PIT->CHANNEL[ch].CVAL;
          /* Subtract if there was anything left on the counter */
          pit[dev].count -= cval;
          _pit_set_counter(dev);
      }
      irq_restore(mask);
      return 0;
  }
  
  inline static int pit_set_absolute(uint8_t dev, uint32_t target)
  {
      uint8_t ch = pit_config[dev].count_ch;
      /* Disable IRQs to minimize the number of lost ticks */
      unsigned int mask = irq_disable();
      uint32_t now = pit_read(dev);
      uint32_t offset = target - now;
      pit[dev].ldval = offset;
      pit[dev].tctrl = PIT_TCTRL_TIE_MASK | PIT_TCTRL_CHN_MASK | PIT_TCTRL_TEN_MASK;
      /* Set the new target time in the up-counter */
      pit[dev].count = target;
      if (PIT_BITBAND_TEN(ch) != 0) {
          _pit_set_counter(dev);
      }
  
      irq_restore(mask);
      return 0;
  }
  
  inline static int pit_clear(uint8_t dev)
  {
      uint8_t ch = pit_config[dev].count_ch;
      /* Disable IRQs to minimize the number of lost ticks */
      unsigned int mask = irq_disable();
  
      pit[dev].ldval = PIT_MAX_VALUE;
      pit[dev].tctrl = PIT_TCTRL_CHN_MASK | PIT_TCTRL_TEN_MASK;
      /* pit[dev].count += PIT_MAX_VALUE + 1; */ /* == 0 (mod 2**32) */
  
      if (PIT_BITBAND_TEN(ch) != 0) {
          /* Timer is currently running */
          uint32_t cval = PIT->CHANNEL[ch].CVAL;
          /* Subtract if there was anything left on the counter */
          pit[dev].count -= cval;
          /* Set a long timeout */
          _pit_set_counter(ch);
      }
  
      irq_restore(mask);
      return 0;
  }
  
  inline static uint32_t pit_read(uint8_t dev)
  {
      uint8_t ch = pit_config[dev].count_ch;
      if (PIT_BITBAND_TEN(ch) != 0) {
          /* Timer running */
          return pit[dev].count - PIT->CHANNEL[ch].CVAL;
      }
      else {
          /* Timer stopped */
          return pit[dev].count;
      }
  }
  
  inline static void pit_start(uint8_t dev)
  {
      uint8_t ch = pit_config[dev].count_ch;
      if (PIT_BITBAND_TEN(ch) != 0) {
          /* Already running */
          return;
      }
      PIT->CHANNEL[ch].LDVAL = pit[dev].ldval;
      pit[dev].count += pit[dev].ldval;
      PIT->CHANNEL[ch].TCTRL = pit[dev].tctrl;
  }
  
  inline static void pit_stop(uint8_t dev)
  {
      uint8_t ch = pit_config[dev].count_ch;
      if (PIT_BITBAND_TEN(ch) == 0) {
          /* Already stopped */
          return;
      }
      uint32_t cval = PIT->CHANNEL[ch].CVAL;
      pit[dev].tctrl = PIT->CHANNEL[ch].TCTRL;
      PIT->CHANNEL[ch].TCTRL = 0;
      pit[dev].count -= cval;
      pit[dev].ldval = cval;
  }
  
  inline static void pit_irq_handler(tim_t dev)
  {
      uint8_t ch = pit_config[_pit_index(dev)].count_ch;
      pit_t *pit_ctx = &pit[_pit_index(dev)];
      pit_ctx->ldval = PIT_MAX_VALUE;
      pit_ctx->count += PIT_MAX_VALUE;
      pit_ctx->tctrl = PIT_TCTRL_CHN_MASK | PIT_TCTRL_TEN_MASK;
      _pit_set_counter(_pit_index(dev));
  
      if (pit_ctx->isr_ctx.cb != NULL) {
          pit_ctx->isr_ctx.cb(pit_ctx->isr_ctx.arg, 0);
      }
  
      PIT->CHANNEL[ch].TFLG = PIT_TFLG_TIF_MASK;
  
      cortexm_isr_end();
  }
  
  /* ****** LPTMR module functions ****** */
  
  /* Forward declarations */
  inline static int lptmr_init(uint8_t dev, uint32_t freq, timer_cb_t cb, void *arg);
  inline static int lptmr_set(uint8_t dev, uint16_t timeout);
  inline static int lptmr_set_absolute(uint8_t dev, uint16_t target);
  inline static int lptmr_clear(uint8_t dev);
  inline static uint16_t lptmr_read(uint8_t dev);
  inline static void lptmr_start(uint8_t dev);
  inline static void lptmr_stop(uint8_t dev);
  inline static void lptmr_irq_handler(tim_t tim);
  
  /**
   * @brief Read the prescaler register from the RTC as a reliable 47 bit time counter
   */
  inline static uint32_t _rtt_get_subtick(void)
  {
      uint32_t tpr;
      uint32_t tsr;
  
      for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
          /* Read twice to make sure we get a stable reading */
          tpr = RTC->TPR & RTC_TPR_TPR_MASK;
          tsr = RTC->TSR & RTC_TSR_TSR_MASK;
  
          if ((tsr == (RTC->TSR & RTC_TSR_TSR_MASK)) &&
              (tpr == (RTC->TPR & RTC_TPR_TPR_MASK))) {
              break;
          }
      }
      if (tpr > TIMER_RTC_SUBTICK_MAX) {
          /* This only happens if the RTC time compensation value has been
           * modified to compensate for RTC drift. See Kinetis ref.manual,
           *  RTC Time Compensation Register (RTC_TCR).
           */
          tpr = TIMER_RTC_SUBTICK_MAX;
      }
  
      return (tsr << TIMER_RTC_SUBTICK_BITS) | tpr;
  }
  
  inline static void _lptmr_set_cb_config(uint8_t dev, timer_cb_t cb, void *arg)
  {
      /* set callback function */
      lptmr[dev].isr_ctx.cb = cb;
      lptmr[dev].isr_ctx.arg = arg;
  }
  
  /**
   * @brief  Compute the LPTMR prescaler setting, see reference manual for details
   */
  inline static int32_t _lptmr_compute_prescaler(uint32_t freq) {
      uint32_t prescale = 0;
      if ((freq > LPTMR_BASE_FREQ) || (freq == 0)) {
          /* Frequency out of range */
          return -1;
      }
      while (freq < LPTMR_BASE_FREQ){
          ++prescale;
          freq <<= 1;
      }
      if (freq != LPTMR_BASE_FREQ) {
          /* freq was not a power of two division of LPTMR_BASE_FREQ */
          return -2;
      }
      if (prescale > 0) {
          /* LPTMR_PSR_PRESCALE == 0 yields LPTMR_BASE_FREQ/2,
           * LPTMR_PSR_PRESCALE == 1 yields LPTMR_BASE_FREQ/4 etc.. */
          return LPTMR_PSR_PRESCALE(prescale - 1);
      }
      else {
          /* Prescaler bypass enabled */
          return LPTMR_PSR_PBYP_MASK;
      }
  }
  
  /**
   * @brief  Update the offset between RTT and LPTMR
   */
  inline static void _lptmr_update_rtt_offset(uint8_t dev)
  {
      lptmr[dev].rtt_offset = _rtt_get_subtick();
  }
  
  /**
   * @brief  Update the reference time point (CNR=0)
   */
  inline static void _lptmr_update_reference(uint8_t dev)
  {
      lptmr[dev].reference = _rtt_get_subtick() + LPTMR_RELOAD_OVERHEAD - lptmr[dev].rtt_offset;
  }
  
  inline static void _lptmr_set_counter(uint8_t dev)
  {
      _lptmr_update_reference(dev);
      LPTMR_Type *hw = lptmr_config[dev].dev;
      hw->CSR = 0;
      hw->CMR = lptmr[dev].cmr;
      /* restore saved state */
      hw->CSR = lptmr[dev].csr;
  }
  
  inline static int lptmr_init(uint8_t dev, uint32_t freq, timer_cb_t cb, void *arg)
  {
      int32_t prescale = _lptmr_compute_prescaler(freq);
      if (prescale < 0) {
          return -1;
      }
      LPTMR_Type *hw = lptmr_config[dev].dev;
      /* Disable IRQs to avoid race with ISR */
      unsigned int mask = irq_disable();
  
      /* Turn on module clock */
      *lptmr_config[dev].clk_gate = 1;
      /* Completely disable the module before messing with the settings */
      hw->CSR = 0;
      /* select ERCLK32K as clock source for LPTMR */
      hw->PSR = LPTMR_PSR_PCS(2) | ((uint32_t)prescale);
  
      /* Clear IRQ flag in case it was already set */
      hw->CSR = LPTMR_CSR_TCF_MASK;
      /* Enable IRQs on the counting channel */
      /* Refactor the below lines if there are any CPUs where the LPTMR IRQs are not sequential */
      NVIC_ClearPendingIRQ(LPTMR0_IRQn + lptmr_config[dev].index);
      NVIC_EnableIRQ(LPTMR0_IRQn + lptmr_config[dev].index);
  
      _lptmr_set_cb_config(dev, cb, arg);
  
      /* Reset state */
      _lptmr_update_rtt_offset(dev);
      lptmr[dev].running = 1;
      lptmr_clear(dev);
  
      irq_restore(mask);
  
      return 0;
  }
  
  inline static uint16_t lptmr_read(uint8_t dev)
  {
      LPTMR_Type *hw = lptmr_config[dev].dev;
      /* latch the current timer value into CNR */
      hw->CNR = 0;
      return lptmr[dev].reference + hw->CNR;
  }
  
  inline static int lptmr_set(uint8_t dev, uint16_t timeout)
  {
      /* Disable IRQs to minimize jitter */
      unsigned int mask = irq_disable();
      lptmr[dev].cmr = timeout;
      /* Enable interrupt, enable timer */
      lptmr[dev].csr = LPTMR_CSR_TEN_MASK | LPTMR_CSR_TIE_MASK;
      if (lptmr[dev].running != 0) {
          /* Timer is currently running */
          /* Set new target */
          _lptmr_set_counter(dev);
      }
      irq_restore(mask);
      return 0;
  }
  
  inline static int lptmr_set_absolute(uint8_t dev, uint16_t target)
  {
      /* Disable IRQs to minimize jitter */
      unsigned int mask = irq_disable();
      uint16_t offset = target - lptmr[dev].reference;
      lptmr[dev].cmr = offset;
      /* Enable interrupt, enable timer */
      lptmr[dev].csr = LPTMR_CSR_TEN_MASK | LPTMR_CSR_TIE_MASK;
      if (lptmr[dev].running != 0) {
          /* Timer is currently running */
          /* Set new target */
          _lptmr_set_counter(dev);
      }
      irq_restore(mask);
      return 0;
  }
  
  inline static int lptmr_clear(uint8_t dev)
  {
      /* Disable IRQs to minimize jitter */
      unsigned int mask = irq_disable();
      lptmr[dev].cmr = LPTMR_MAX_VALUE;
      /* Disable interrupt, enable timer */
      lptmr[dev].csr = LPTMR_CSR_TEN_MASK;
      if (lptmr[dev].running != 0) {
          /* Timer is currently running */
          /* Set new target */
          _lptmr_set_counter(dev);
      }
      irq_restore(mask);
      return 0;
  }
  
  inline static void lptmr_start(uint8_t dev)
  {
      if (lptmr[dev].running != 0) {
          /* Timer already running */
          return;
      }
      lptmr[dev].running = 1;
      _lptmr_set_counter(dev);
  }
  
  inline static void lptmr_stop(uint8_t dev)
  {
      if (lptmr[dev].running == 0) {
          /* Timer already stopped */
          return;
      }
      /* Disable IRQs to avoid race with ISR */
      unsigned int mask = irq_disable();
      lptmr[dev].running = 0;
      LPTMR_Type *hw = lptmr_config[dev].dev;
      /* latch the current timer value into CNR */
      hw->CNR = 12345;
      uint16_t cnr = hw->CNR;
      lptmr[dev].cmr = hw->CMR - cnr;
      lptmr[dev].csr = hw->CSR;
      _lptmr_update_reference(dev);
      /* Disable counter and clear interrupt flag */
      hw->CSR = LPTMR_CSR_TCF_MASK;
      /* Clear any pending IRQ */
      NVIC_ClearPendingIRQ(LPTMR0_IRQn + lptmr_config[dev].index);
      irq_restore(mask);
  }
  
  inline static void lptmr_irq_handler(tim_t tim)
  {
      uint8_t dev = _lptmr_index(tim);
      LPTMR_Type *hw = lptmr_config[dev].dev;
      lptmr_t *lptmr_ctx = &lptmr[dev];
      lptmr_ctx->cmr = LPTMR_MAX_VALUE;
      _lptmr_set_counter(dev);
  
      if (lptmr_ctx->isr_ctx.cb != NULL) {
          lptmr_ctx->isr_ctx.cb(lptmr_ctx->isr_ctx.arg, 0);
      }
  
      /* Clear interrupt flag */
      BITBAND_REG32(hw->CSR, LPTMR_CSR_TCF_SHIFT) = 1;
  
      cortexm_isr_end();
  }
  
  /* ****** Common timer API functions ****** */
  
  int timer_init(tim_t dev, unsigned long freq, timer_cb_t cb, void *arg)
  {
      if ((unsigned int)dev >= TIMER_NUMOF) {
          /* invalid timer */
          return -1;
      }
      /* demultiplex to handle two types of hardware timers */
      switch (_timer_variant(dev)) {
          case TIMER_PIT:
              return pit_init(_pit_index(dev), freq, cb, arg);
          case TIMER_LPTMR:
              return lptmr_init(_lptmr_index(dev), freq, cb, arg);
          default:
              return -1;
      }
  }
  
  int timer_set(tim_t dev, int channel, unsigned int timeout)
  {
      if (channel != 0) {
          /* only one channel is supported */
          return -1;
      }
      if ((unsigned int)dev >= TIMER_NUMOF) {
          /* invalid timer */
          return -1;
      }
      /* demultiplex to handle two types of hardware timers */
      switch (_timer_variant(dev)) {
          case TIMER_PIT:
              return pit_set(_pit_index(dev), timeout);
          case TIMER_LPTMR:
              return lptmr_set(_lptmr_index(dev), timeout);
          default:
              return -1;
      }
  }
  
  int timer_set_absolute(tim_t dev, int channel, unsigned int target)
  {
      if (channel != 0) {
          /* only one channel is supported */
          return -1;
      }
      if ((unsigned int)dev >= TIMER_NUMOF) {
          /* invalid timer */
          return -1;
      }
      /* demultiplex to handle two types of hardware timers */
      switch (_timer_variant(dev)) {
          case TIMER_PIT:
              return pit_set_absolute(_pit_index(dev), target);
          case TIMER_LPTMR:
              return lptmr_set_absolute(_lptmr_index(dev), target);;
          default:
              return -1;
      }
  
      return 0;
  }
  
  int timer_clear(tim_t dev, int channel)
  {
      if (channel != 0) {
          /* only one channel is supported */
          return -1;
      }
      if ((unsigned int)dev >= TIMER_NUMOF) {
          /* invalid timer */
          return -1;
      }
      /* demultiplex to handle two types of hardware timers */
      switch (_timer_variant(dev)) {
          case TIMER_PIT:
              return pit_clear(_pit_index(dev));
          case TIMER_LPTMR:
              return lptmr_clear(_lptmr_index(dev));
          default:
              return -1;
      }
  
      return 0;
  }
  
  unsigned int timer_read(tim_t dev)
  {
      if ((unsigned int)dev >= TIMER_NUMOF) {
          /* invalid timer */
          return 0;
      }
      /* demultiplex to handle two types of hardware timers */
      switch (_timer_variant(dev)) {
          case TIMER_PIT:
              return pit_read(_pit_index(dev));
          case TIMER_LPTMR:
              return lptmr_read(_lptmr_index(dev));
          default:
              return 0;
      }
  }
  
  void timer_start(tim_t dev)
  {
      if ((unsigned int)dev >= TIMER_NUMOF) {
          /* invalid timer */
          return;
      }
      /* demultiplex to handle two types of hardware timers */
      switch (_timer_variant(dev)) {
          case TIMER_PIT:
              pit_start(_pit_index(dev));
              return;
          case TIMER_LPTMR:
              lptmr_start(_lptmr_index(dev));
              return;
          default:
              return;
      }
  }
  
  void timer_stop(tim_t dev)
  {
      if ((unsigned int)dev >= TIMER_NUMOF) {
          /* invalid timer */
          return;
      }
      /* demultiplex to handle two types of hardware timers */
      switch (_timer_variant(dev)) {
          case TIMER_PIT:
              pit_stop(_pit_index(dev));
              return;
          case TIMER_LPTMR:
              lptmr_stop(_lptmr_index(dev));
              return;
          default:
              return;
      }
  }
  
  /* ****** ISR instances ****** */
  
  #ifdef PIT_ISR_0
  void PIT_ISR_0(void)
  {
      pit_irq_handler(_pit_tim_t(0));
  }
  #endif
  
  #ifdef PIT_ISR_1
  void PIT_ISR_1(void)
  {
      pit_irq_handler(_pit_tim_t(1));
  }
  #endif
  
  #ifdef PIT_ISR_2
  void PIT_ISR_2(void)
  {
      pit_irq_handler(_pit_tim_t(2));
  }
  #endif
  
  #ifdef PIT_ISR_3
  void PIT_ISR_3(void)
  {
      pit_irq_handler(_pit_tim_t(3));
  }
  #endif
  
  #ifdef LPTMR_ISR_0
  void LPTMR_ISR_0(void)
  {
      lptmr_irq_handler(_lptmr_tim_t(0));
  }
  #endif
  
  #ifdef LPTMR_ISR_1
  void LPTMR_ISR_1(void)
  {
      lptmr_irq_handler(_lptmr_tim_t(1));
  }
  #endif