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  /*
   * Copyright (C) 2013 - 2014  INRIA.
   * Copyright (C) 2015 Martine Lenders <mlenders@inf.fu-berlin.de>
   * Copyright (C) 2015 Cenk Gündoğan <cnkgndgn@gmail.com>
   *
   * This file is subject to the terms and conditions of the GNU Lesser
   * General Public License v2.1. See the file LICENSE in the top level
   * directory for more details.
   */
  
  /**
   * @defgroup    net_gnrc_rpl  RPL
   * @ingroup     net_gnrc
   * @brief       RPL implementation for GNRC
   *
   * Configuration
   * =============
   *
   * USEMODULE
   * ---------
   *
   * - RPL (Storing Mode)
   *   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ {.mk}
   *   USEMODULE += gnrc_rpl
   *   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
   *
   * - RPL auto-initialization on interface
   *   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ {.mk}
   *   USEMODULE += auto_init_gnrc_rpl
   *   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
   *
   * Auto-Initialization
   * -------------------
   *
   * If the application defines only one interface (`GNRC_NETIF_NUMOF == 1`),
   * then RPL will be initialized on this interface.
   *
   * If the application defines several interfaces (`GNRC_NETIF_NUMOF > 1`),
   * then RPL will be initialized on the interface `GNRC_RPL_DEFAULT_NETIF`.
   * Your application is responsible for setting `GNRC_RPL_DEFAULT_NETIF` to a
   * valid interface PID, e.g. via `CFLAGS`.
   *
   * Initializing RPL on multiple interfaces automatically is currently not supported.
   * Call `gnrc_rpl_init()` manually from your application for the desired interfaces in this case.
   *
   * CFLAGS
   * ------
   *
   * - Exclude Prefix Information Options from DIOs
   *   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ {.mk}
   *   CFLAGS += -DGNRC_RPL_WITHOUT_PIO
   *   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
   *
   * - Modify trickle parameters
   *   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ {.mk}
   *   CFLAGS += -DGNRC_RPL_DEFAULT_DIO_INTERVAL_DOUBLINGS=20
   *   CFLAGS += -DGNRC_RPL_DEFAULT_DIO_INTERVAL_MIN=3
   *   CFLAGS += -DGNRC_RPL_DEFAULT_DIO_REDUNDANCY_CONSTANT=10
   *   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
   *
   * - Make reception of DODAG_CONF optional when joining a DODAG.
   *   This will use the default trickle parameters until a
   *   DODAG_CONF is received from the parent. The DODAG_CONF is
   *   requested once from the parent while joining the DODAG.
   *   The standard behaviour is to request a DODAG_CONF and join
   *   only a DODAG once a DODAG_CONF is received.
   *   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ {.mk}
   *   CFLAGS += -DGNRC_RPL_DODAG_CONF_OPTIONAL_ON_JOIN
   *   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
   *
   * - Set interface for auto-initialization if more than one
   *   interface exists (`GNRC_NETIF_NUMOF > 1`)
   *   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ {.mk}
   *   CFLAGS += -DGNRC_RPL_DEFAULT_NETIF=6
   *   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
   *
   * - By default, all incoming control messages get checked for validation.
   *   This validation can be disabled in case the involved RPL implementations
   *   are known to produce valid messages.
   *   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ {.mk}
   *   CFLAGS += -DGNRC_RPL_WITHOUT_VALIDATION
   *   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
   *
   * @{
   *
   * @file
   * @brief       RPL header. Declaration of global variables and functions needed for
   *              core functionality of RPL.
   *
   * Header which includes all core RPL-functions.
   *
   * @author      Eric Engel <eric.engel@fu-berlin.de>
   * @author      Fabian Brandt <fabianbr@zedat.fu-berlin.de>
   * @author      Martine Lenders <mlenders@inf.fu-berlin.de>
   * @author      Cenk Gündoğan <cnkgndgn@gmail.com>
   */
  
  #ifndef GNRC_RPL_H_
  #define GNRC_RPL_H_
  
  #include <string.h>
  #include <stdint.h>
  #include "net/gnrc.h"
  #include "net/gnrc/ipv6.h"
  #include "net/ipv6/addr.h"
  #include "net/gnrc/nettype.h"
  #include "net/gnrc/rpl/structs.h"
  #include "net/gnrc/rpl/dodag.h"
  #include "net/gnrc/rpl/of_manager.h"
  #include "net/fib.h"
  #include "xtimer.h"
  #include "trickle.h"
  
  #ifdef MODULE_NETSTATS_RPL
  #include "net/rpl/rpl_netstats.h"
  #endif
  
  #ifdef __cplusplus
  extern "C" {
  #endif
  
  /**
   * @brief   Default stack size to use for the RPL thread
   */
  #ifndef GNRC_RPL_STACK_SIZE
  #define GNRC_RPL_STACK_SIZE     (THREAD_STACKSIZE_DEFAULT)
  #endif
  
  /**
   * @brief   Default priority for the RPL thread
   */
  #ifndef GNRC_RPL_PRIO
  #define GNRC_RPL_PRIO           (GNRC_IPV6_PRIO + 1)
  #endif
  
  /**
   * @brief   Default message queue size to use for the RPL thread.
   */
  #ifndef GNRC_RPL_MSG_QUEUE_SIZE
  #define GNRC_RPL_MSG_QUEUE_SIZE (8U)
  #endif
  
  /**
   * @brief   Static initializer for the all-RPL-nodes multicast IPv6
   *          address (ff02::1a)
   *
   * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6550#section-6">
   *          RFC 6550, section 6
   *      </a>
   */
  #define GNRC_RPL_ALL_NODES_ADDR {{ 0xff, 0x02, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0x1a }}
  
  /**
   * @brief   Message type for lifetime updates
   */
  #define GNRC_RPL_MSG_TYPE_LIFETIME_UPDATE     (0x0900)
  
  /**
   * @brief   Message type for trickle intervals
   */
  #define GNRC_RPL_MSG_TYPE_TRICKLE_INTERVAL    (0x0901)
  
  /**
   * @brief   Message type for trickle callbacks
   */
  #define GNRC_RPL_MSG_TYPE_TRICKLE_CALLBACK    (0x0902)
  
  /**
   * @brief   Message type for handling DAO sending
   */
  #define GNRC_RPL_MSG_TYPE_DAO_HANDLE  (0x0903)
  
  /**
   * @brief   Infinite rank
   * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6550#section-17">
   *          RFC 6550, section 17
   *      </a>
   */
  #define GNRC_RPL_INFINITE_RANK (0xFFFF)
  
  /**
   * @brief   Default minimum hop rank increase
   * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6550#section-17">
   *          RFC 6550, section 17
   *      </a>
   */
  #ifndef GNRC_RPL_DEFAULT_MIN_HOP_RANK_INCREASE
  #define GNRC_RPL_DEFAULT_MIN_HOP_RANK_INCREASE (256)
  #endif
  
  /**
   * @brief   Maximum rank increase
   */
  #ifndef GNRC_RPL_DEFAULT_MAX_RANK_INCREASE
  #define GNRC_RPL_DEFAULT_MAX_RANK_INCREASE (0)
  #endif
  
  /**
   * @brief   Number of implemented Objective Functions
   */
  #define GNRC_RPL_IMPLEMENTED_OFS_NUMOF (1)
  
  /**
   * @brief   Default Objective Code Point (OF0)
   */
  #define GNRC_RPL_DEFAULT_OCP (0)
  
  /**
   * @brief   Default Instance ID
   */
  #ifndef GNRC_RPL_DEFAULT_INSTANCE
  #define GNRC_RPL_DEFAULT_INSTANCE (0)
  #endif
  
  /**
   * @name RPL Mode of Operations
   * @{
   */
  #define GNRC_RPL_MOP_NO_DOWNWARD_ROUTES  (0x00)
  #define GNRC_RPL_MOP_NON_STORING_MODE    (0x01)
  #define GNRC_RPL_MOP_STORING_MODE_NO_MC  (0x02)
  #define GNRC_RPL_MOP_STORING_MODE_MC     (0x03)
  
  /** default MOP set on compile time */
  #ifndef GNRC_RPL_DEFAULT_MOP
  #define GNRC_RPL_DEFAULT_MOP GNRC_RPL_MOP_STORING_MODE_NO_MC
  #endif
  /** @} */
  
  /**
   * @name Sequence counter handling
   * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6550#section-7.2">
   *          Sequence Counter Operation
   *      </a>
   * @{
   */
  #define GNRC_RPL_COUNTER_MAX                 (255)
  #define GNRC_RPL_COUNTER_LOWER_REGION        (127)
  #define GNRC_RPL_COUNTER_SEQ_WINDOW          (16)
  #define GNRC_RPL_COUNTER_INIT                (GNRC_RPL_COUNTER_MAX - GNRC_RPL_COUNTER_SEQ_WINDOW + 1)
  
  static inline uint8_t GNRC_RPL_COUNTER_INCREMENT(uint8_t counter)
  {
      return ((counter > GNRC_RPL_COUNTER_LOWER_REGION) ?
              ((counter == GNRC_RPL_COUNTER_MAX) ? counter = 0 : ++counter) :
              ((counter == GNRC_RPL_COUNTER_LOWER_REGION) ? counter = 0 : ++counter));
  }
  
  static inline bool GNRC_RPL_COUNTER_IS_INIT(uint8_t counter)
  {
      return (counter > GNRC_RPL_COUNTER_LOWER_REGION);
  }
  
  static inline bool GNRC_RPL_COUNTER_GREATER_THAN_LOCAL(uint8_t A, uint8_t B)
  {
      return (((A < B) && (GNRC_RPL_COUNTER_LOWER_REGION + 1 - B + A < GNRC_RPL_COUNTER_SEQ_WINDOW))
              || ((A > B) && (A - B < GNRC_RPL_COUNTER_SEQ_WINDOW)));
  }
  
  static inline bool GNRC_RPL_COUNTER_GREATER_THAN(uint8_t A, uint8_t B)
  {
      return ((A > GNRC_RPL_COUNTER_LOWER_REGION) ? ((B > GNRC_RPL_COUNTER_LOWER_REGION) ?
                  GNRC_RPL_COUNTER_GREATER_THAN_LOCAL(A, B) : 0) :
              ((B > GNRC_RPL_COUNTER_LOWER_REGION) ? 1 : GNRC_RPL_COUNTER_GREATER_THAN_LOCAL(A, B)));
  }
  /** @} */
  
  /**
   * @name Trickle parameters
   * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6550#section-8.3.1">
   *          Trickle Parameters
   *      </a>
   * @{
   */
  #ifndef GNRC_RPL_DEFAULT_DIO_INTERVAL_DOUBLINGS
  #define GNRC_RPL_DEFAULT_DIO_INTERVAL_DOUBLINGS (20)
  #endif
  
  #ifndef GNRC_RPL_DEFAULT_DIO_INTERVAL_MIN
  #define GNRC_RPL_DEFAULT_DIO_INTERVAL_MIN (3)
  #endif
  
  #ifndef GNRC_RPL_DEFAULT_DIO_REDUNDANCY_CONSTANT
  #define GNRC_RPL_DEFAULT_DIO_REDUNDANCY_CONSTANT (10)
  #endif
  /** @} */
  
  /**
   * @name Default parent and route entry lifetime
   * default lifetime will be multiplied by the lifetime unit to obtain the resulting lifetime
   * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6550#section-6.7.6">
              DODAG Configuration
          </a>
   * @{
   */
  #ifndef GNRC_RPL_DEFAULT_LIFETIME
  #define GNRC_RPL_DEFAULT_LIFETIME (5)
  #endif
  #ifndef GNRC_RPL_LIFETIME_UNIT
  #define GNRC_RPL_LIFETIME_UNIT (60)
  #endif
  /** @} */
  
  /**
   * @brief Default prefix length for the DODAG id
   */
  #define GNRC_RPL_DEFAULT_PREFIX_LEN   (64)
  
  /**
   * @brief Default prefix valid and preferred time for the DODAG id
   * @note Currently not used, but needed for RIOs
   * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6550#section-6.7.5">
   *          Route Information
   *      </a>
   */
  #define GNRC_RPL_DEFAULT_PREFIX_LIFETIME  (0xFFFFFFFF)
  
  /**
   * @brief A DODAG can be grounded or floating
   * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6550#section-3.2.4">
   *          Grounded and Floating DODAGs
   *      </a>
   */
  #define GNRC_RPL_GROUNDED (1)
  
  /**
   * @name Parameters used for DAO handling
   * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6550#section-17">
              RPL Constants and Variables
          </a>
   * @{
   */
  #ifndef GNRC_RPL_DAO_SEND_RETRIES
  #define GNRC_RPL_DAO_SEND_RETRIES (4)
  #endif
  #ifndef GNRC_RPL_DEFAULT_WAIT_FOR_DAO_ACK
  #define GNRC_RPL_DEFAULT_WAIT_FOR_DAO_ACK (3)
  #endif
  #ifndef GNRC_RPL_REGULAR_DAO_INTERVAL
  #define GNRC_RPL_REGULAR_DAO_INTERVAL (60)
  #endif
  #ifndef GNRC_RPL_DEFAULT_DAO_DELAY
  #define GNRC_RPL_DEFAULT_DAO_DELAY (1)
  #endif
  /** @} */
  
  /**
   * @brief Cleanup timeout in seconds
   */
  #define GNRC_RPL_CLEANUP_TIME (5)
  
  /**
   * @name Node Status
   * @{
   */
  #define GNRC_RPL_NORMAL_NODE (0)
  #define GNRC_RPL_ROOT_NODE (1)
  #define GNRC_RPL_LEAF_NODE (2)
  /** @} */
  
  
  /**
   * @name RPL Control Message Options
   *  @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6550#section-6.7">
   *          RPL Control Message Options
   *      </a>
   * @{
   */
  #define GNRC_RPL_OPT_PAD1                 (0)
  #define GNRC_RPL_OPT_PADN                 (1)
  #define GNRC_RPL_OPT_DAG_METRIC_CONTAINER (2)
  #define GNRC_RPL_OPT_ROUTE_INFO           (3)
  #define GNRC_RPL_OPT_DODAG_CONF           (4)
  #define GNRC_RPL_OPT_TARGET               (5)
  #define GNRC_RPL_OPT_TRANSIT              (6)
  #define GNRC_RPL_OPT_SOLICITED_INFO       (7)
  #define GNRC_RPL_OPT_PREFIX_INFO          (8)
  #define GNRC_RPL_OPT_TARGET_DESC          (9)
  /** @} */
  
  /**
   * @brief Rank of the root node
   */
  #define GNRC_RPL_ROOT_RANK (GNRC_RPL_DEFAULT_MIN_HOP_RANK_INCREASE)
  
  /**
   *  @brief  DIS ICMPv6 code
   *  @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6550#section-6">
   *          RFC 6550, section 6
   *      </a>
   */
  #define GNRC_RPL_ICMPV6_CODE_DIS (0x00)
  
  /**
   *  @brief  DIO ICMPv6 code
   *  @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6550#section-6">
   *          RFC 6550, section 6
   *      </a>
   */
  #define GNRC_RPL_ICMPV6_CODE_DIO (0x01)
  
  /**
   *  @brief  DAO ICMPv6 code
   *  @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6550#section-6">
   *          RFC 6550, section 6
   *      </a>
   */
  #define GNRC_RPL_ICMPV6_CODE_DAO (0x02)
  
  /**
   *  @brief  DAO ACK ICMPv6 code
   *  @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6550#section-6">
   *          RFC 6550, section 6
   *      </a>
   */
  #define GNRC_RPL_ICMPV6_CODE_DAO_ACK (0x03)
  
  /**
   * @brief Update interval of the lifetime update function
   */
  #define GNRC_RPL_LIFETIME_UPDATE_STEP (2)
  
  /**
   *  @brief Rank part of the DODAG
   *  @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6550#section-3.5.1">
   *          RFC 6550, section 3.5.1, Rank Comparison (DAGRank())
   *      </a>
   */
  #define DAGRANK(rank,mhri)   (rank/mhri)
  
  /**
   *  @name   Global / Local instance id masks
   *  @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6550#section-5.1">
   *          RFC 6550, section 5.1, RPL Instance ID
   *      </a>
   *  @{
   */
  #define GNRC_RPL_INSTANCE_ID_MSB      (1 << 7)
  #define GNRC_RPL_GLOBAL_INSTANCE_MASK (0x7F)
  #define GNRC_RPL_LOCAL_INSTANCE_MASK  (0x3F)
  #define GNRC_RPL_INSTANCE_D_FLAG_MASK (1 << 6)
  /** @} */
  
  /**
   * @brief PID of the RPL thread.
   */
  extern kernel_pid_t gnrc_rpl_pid;
  
  /**
   * @brief @see @ref GNRC_RPL_ALL_NODES_ADDR
   */
  extern const ipv6_addr_t ipv6_addr_all_rpl_nodes;
  
  #ifdef MODULE_NETSTATS_RPL
  /**
   * @brief Statistics for RPL control messages
   */
  extern netstats_rpl_t gnrc_rpl_netstats;
  #endif
  
  /**
   * @brief Initialization of the RPL thread.
   *
   * @param[in] if_pid            PID of the interface
   *
   * @return  The PID of the RPL thread, on success.
   * @return  a negative errno on error.
   */
  kernel_pid_t gnrc_rpl_init(kernel_pid_t if_pid);
  
  /**
   * @brief Initialization of a node as root.
   *
   * @param[in] instance_id       Id of the instance
   * @param[in] dodag_id          Id of the DODAG
   * @param[in] gen_inst_id       Flag indicating whether to generate an instance id.
   *                              If true, @p instance_id will be ignored
   * @param[in] local_inst_id     Flag indicating whether a local or global instance id
   *                              should be generatad
   *
   * @return  Pointer to the new RPL Instance, on success.
   * @return  NULL, otherwise.
   */
  gnrc_rpl_instance_t *gnrc_rpl_root_init(uint8_t instance_id, ipv6_addr_t *dodag_id,
                                          bool gen_inst_id, bool local_inst_id);
  
  /**
   * @brief   Send a DIO of the @p instance to the @p destination.
   *
   * @param[in] instance          Pointer to the RPL instance.
   * @param[in] destination       IPv6 addres of the destination.
   */
  void gnrc_rpl_send_DIO(gnrc_rpl_instance_t *instance, ipv6_addr_t *destination);
  
  /**
   * @brief   Send a DIS of the @p instace to the @p destination.
   *
   * @param[in] instance          Pointer to the RPL instance, optional.
   * @param[in] destination       IPv6 addres of the destination.
   */
  void gnrc_rpl_send_DIS(gnrc_rpl_instance_t *instance, ipv6_addr_t *destination);
  
  /**
   * @brief   Send a DAO of the @p dodag to the @p destination.
   *
   * @param[in] instance          Pointer to the instance.
   * @param[in] destination       IPv6 addres of the destination.
   * @param[in] lifetime          Lifetime of the route to announce.
   */
  void gnrc_rpl_send_DAO(gnrc_rpl_instance_t *instance, ipv6_addr_t *destination, uint8_t lifetime);
  
  /**
   * @brief   Send a DAO-ACK of the @p instance to the @p destination.
   *
   * @param[in] instance          Pointer to the RPL instance.
   * @param[in] destination       IPv6 addres of the destination.
   * @param[in] seq				Sequence number to be acknowledged.
   */
  void gnrc_rpl_send_DAO_ACK(gnrc_rpl_instance_t *instance, ipv6_addr_t *destination, uint8_t seq);
  
  /**
   * @brief   Parse a DIS.
   *
   * @param[in] dis       Pointer to the DIS message.
   * @param[in] iface     Interface PID of the incoming DIS.
   * @param[in] src       Pointer to the source address of the IPv6 packet.
   * @param[in] dst       Pointer to the destination address of the IPv6 packet.
   * @param[in] len       Length of the IPv6 packet.
   */
  void gnrc_rpl_recv_DIS(gnrc_rpl_dis_t *dis, kernel_pid_t iface, ipv6_addr_t *src,
                         ipv6_addr_t *dst, uint16_t len);
  
  /**
   * @brief   Parse a DIO.
   *
   * @param[in] dio       Pointer to the DIO message.
   * @param[in] iface     Interface PID of the incoming DIO.
   * @param[in] src       Pointer to the source address of the IPv6 packet.
   * @param[in] dst       Pointer to the destination address of the IPv6 packet.
   * @param[in] len       Length of the IPv6 packet.
   */
  void gnrc_rpl_recv_DIO(gnrc_rpl_dio_t *dio, kernel_pid_t iface, ipv6_addr_t *src, ipv6_addr_t *dst,
                         uint16_t len);
  
  /**
   * @brief   Parse a DAO.
   *
   * @param[in] dao       Pointer to the DAO message.
   * @param[in] iface     Interface PID of the incoming DIO.
   * @param[in] src       Pointer to the source address of the IPv6 packet.
   * @param[in] dst       Pointer to the destination address of the IPv6 packet.
   * @param[in] len       Length of the IPv6 packet.
   */
  void gnrc_rpl_recv_DAO(gnrc_rpl_dao_t *dao, kernel_pid_t iface, ipv6_addr_t *src, ipv6_addr_t *dst,
                         uint16_t len);
  
  /**
   * @brief   Parse a DAO-ACK.
   *
   * @param[in] dao_ack   Pointer to the DAO-ACK message.
   * @param[in] iface     Interface PID of the incoming DIO.
   * @param[in] src       Pointer to the source address of the IPv6 packet.
   * @param[in] dst       Pointer to the destination address of the IPv6 packet.
   * @param[in] len       Length of the IPv6 packet.
   */
  void gnrc_rpl_recv_DAO_ACK(gnrc_rpl_dao_ack_t *dao_ack, kernel_pid_t iface, ipv6_addr_t *src,
                             ipv6_addr_t *dst, uint16_t len);
  
  /**
   * @brief   Delay the DAO sending interval
   *
   * @param[in] dodag     The DODAG of the DAO
   */
  void gnrc_rpl_delay_dao(gnrc_rpl_dodag_t *dodag);
  
  /**
   * @brief   Long delay the DAO sending interval
   *
   * @param[in] dodag     The DODAG of the DAO
   */
  void gnrc_rpl_long_delay_dao(gnrc_rpl_dodag_t *dodag);
  
  /**
   * @brief Create a new RPL instance and RPL DODAG.
   *
   * @param[in] instance_id       Id of the instance
   * @param[in] dodag_id          Id of the DODAG
   * @param[in] mop               Mode of Operation
   *
   * @return  Pointer to the new RPL instance, on success.
   * @return  NULL, otherwise.
   */
  gnrc_rpl_instance_t *gnrc_rpl_root_instance_init(uint8_t instance_id, ipv6_addr_t *dodag_id,
                                                   uint8_t mop);
  
  /**
   * @brief Send a control message
   *
   * @param[in] pkt               gnrc_pktnsip_t to send
   * @param[in] iface             Interface PID to send this pkt to
   * @param[in] src               Source address of the packet
   * @param[in] dst               Destination address of the packet
   * @param[in] dodag_id          Id of the DODAG
   */
  void gnrc_rpl_send(gnrc_pktsnip_t *pkt, kernel_pid_t iface, ipv6_addr_t *src, ipv6_addr_t *dst,
                     ipv6_addr_t *dodag_id);
  
  /**
   * @brief Generate a local or global instance id
   *
   * @param[in] local             flag to indicate whether a local or global instance id is requested
   *
   * @return  Local instance id, if @p local is true
   * @return  Global instance id, otherwise.
   */
  uint8_t gnrc_rpl_gen_instance_id(bool local);
  
  #ifndef GNRC_RPL_WITHOUT_PIO
  /**
   * @brief (De-)Activate the transmission of Prefix Information Options within DIOs
   *        for a particular DODAG
   *
   * @param[in] dodag             Pointer to the DODAG
   * @param[in] status            true for activating PIOs and false for deactivating them
   */
  static inline void gnrc_rpl_config_pio(gnrc_rpl_dodag_t *dodag, bool status)
  {
      dodag->dio_opts = (dodag->dio_opts & ~GNRC_RPL_REQ_DIO_OPT_PREFIX_INFO) |
                        (status << GNRC_RPL_REQ_DIO_OPT_PREFIX_INFO_SHIFT);
  }
  #endif
  
  #ifdef __cplusplus
  }
  #endif
  
  #endif /* GNRC_RPL_H_ */
  /** @} */