Blame view

RIOT/sys/shell/commands/sc_gnrc_netif2.c 32.6 KB
a752c7ab   elopes   add first test an...
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
  /*
   * Copyright (C) 2017 Freie Universitรคt Berlin
   *
   * This file is subject to the terms and conditions of the GNU Lesser
   * General Public License v2.1. See the file LICENSE in the top level
   * directory for more details.
   */
  
  /**
   * @ingroup     sys_shell_commands
   * @{
   *
   * @file
   * @brief       Shell commands for interacting with network interfaces
   *
   * @author      Martine Lenders <m.lenders@fu-berlin.de>
   * @author      Hauke Petersen <hauke.petersen@fu-berlin.de>
   * @author      Oliver Hahm <oliver.hahm@inria.fr>
   */
  
  #include <stdio.h>
  
  #include "net/ipv6/addr.h"
  #include "net/gnrc.h"
  #include "net/gnrc/netif2.h"
  #include "net/gnrc/netif/hdr.h"
  
  #ifdef MODULE_NETSTATS
  #include "net/netstats.h"
  #endif
  #ifdef MODULE_L2FILTER
  #include "net/l2filter.h"
  #endif
  
  /**
   * @brief   The default IPv6 prefix length if not specified.
   */
  #define _IPV6_DEFAULT_PREFIX_LEN        (64U)
  
  /**
   * @brief   Threshold for listed option flags
   */
  #define _LINE_THRESHOLD                 (8U)
  
  /**
   * @brief   Determine length of array in elements
   */
  #define _ARRAY_LEN(x)                   (sizeof(x) / sizeof(x[0]))
  
  /**
   * @brief   Flag command mapping
   *
   * @note    Add options that are changed with netopt_enable_t here
   */
  static const struct {
      char *name;
      netopt_t opt;
  } flag_cmds[] = {
      { "ack_req", NETOPT_ACK_REQ },
      { "autoack", NETOPT_AUTOACK },
      { "autocca", NETOPT_AUTOCCA },
      { "csma", NETOPT_CSMA },
      { "encrypt", NETOPT_ENCRYPTION },
      { "mac_no_sleep", NETOPT_MAC_NO_SLEEP },
      { "fwd", NETOPT_IPV6_FORWARDING },
      { "iphc", NETOPT_6LO_IPHC },
      { "preload", NETOPT_PRELOADING },
      { "promisc", NETOPT_PROMISCUOUSMODE },
      { "raw", NETOPT_RAWMODE },
      { "rtr_adv", NETOPT_IPV6_SND_RTR_ADV },
  };
  
  /* utility functions */
  static bool _is_number(char *str)
  {
      for (; *str; str++) {
          if (*str < '0' || *str > '9') {
              return false;
          }
      }
  
      return true;
  }
  
  static inline bool _is_iface(kernel_pid_t iface)
  {
      return (gnrc_netif2_get_by_pid(iface) != NULL);
  }
  
  #ifdef MODULE_NETSTATS
  static const char *_netstats_module_to_str(uint8_t module)
  {
      switch (module) {
          case NETSTATS_LAYER2:
              return "Layer 2";
          case NETSTATS_IPV6:
              return "IPv6";
          case NETSTATS_ALL:
              return "all";
          default:
              return "Unknown";
      }
  }
  
  static int _netif_stats(kernel_pid_t iface, unsigned module, bool reset)
  {
      netstats_t *stats;
      int res = gnrc_netapi_get(iface, NETOPT_STATS, module, &stats,
                                sizeof(&stats));
  
      if (res < 0) {
          puts("           Protocol or device doesn't provide statistics.");
      }
      else if (reset) {
          memset(stats, 0, sizeof(netstats_t));
          printf("Reset statistics for module %s!\n", _netstats_module_to_str(module));
      }
      else {
          printf("          Statistics for %s\n"
                 "            RX packets %u  bytes %u\n"
                 "            TX packets %u (Multicast: %u)  bytes %u\n"
                 "            TX succeeded %u errors %u\n",
                 _netstats_module_to_str(module),
                 (unsigned) stats->rx_count,
                 (unsigned) stats->rx_bytes,
                 (unsigned) (stats->tx_unicast_count + stats->tx_mcast_count),
                 (unsigned) stats->tx_mcast_count,
                 (unsigned) stats->tx_bytes,
                 (unsigned) stats->tx_success,
                 (unsigned) stats->tx_failed);
          res = 0;
      }
      return res;
  }
  #endif // MODULE_NETSTATS
  
  static void _set_usage(char *cmd_name)
  {
      printf("usage: %s <if_id> set <key> <value>\n", cmd_name);
      puts("      Sets an hardware specific specific value\n"
           "      <key> may be one of the following\n"
           "       * \"addr\" - sets (short) address\n"
           "       * \"addr_long\" - sets long address\n"
           "       * \"addr_short\" - alias for \"addr\"\n"
           "       * \"cca_threshold\" - set ED threshold during CCA in dBm\n"
           "       * \"channel\" - sets the frequency channel\n"
           "       * \"chan\" - alias for \"channel\"\n"
           "       * \"csma_retries\" - set max. number of channel access attempts\n"
           "       * \"encrypt\" - set the encryption on-off\n"
           "       * \"hop_limit\" - set hop limit\n"
           "       * \"hl\" - alias for \"hop_limit\"\n"
           "       * \"key\" - set the encryption key in hexadecimal format\n"
           "       * \"mtu\" - IPv6 maximum transition unit\n"
           "       * \"nid\" - sets the network identifier (or the PAN ID)\n"
           "       * \"page\" - set the channel page (IEEE 802.15.4)\n"
           "       * \"pan\" - alias for \"nid\"\n"
           "       * \"pan_id\" - alias for \"nid\"\n"
           "       * \"power\" - TX power in dBm\n"
           "       * \"retrans\" - max. number of retransmissions\n"
           "       * \"src_len\" - sets the source address length in byte\n"
           "       * \"state\" - set the device state\n");
  }
  
  static void _flag_usage(char *cmd_name)
  {
      printf("usage: %s <if_id> [-]{", cmd_name);
      for (unsigned i = 0; i < _ARRAY_LEN(flag_cmds); i++) {
          printf("%s", flag_cmds[i].name);
          if (i < (_ARRAY_LEN(flag_cmds) - 1)) {
              printf("|");
          }
      }
      puts("}");
  }
  
  static void _add_usage(char *cmd_name)
  {
      printf("usage: %s <if_id> add [anycast|multicast|unicast] "
             "<ipv6_addr>[/prefix_len]\n", cmd_name);
  }
  
  static void _del_usage(char *cmd_name)
  {
      printf("usage: %s <if_id> del <ipv6_addr>\n",
             cmd_name);
  }
  
  #ifdef MODULE_NETSTATS
  static void _stats_usage(char *cmd_name)
  {
      printf("usage: %s <if_id> stats [l2|ipv6] [reset]\n", cmd_name);
      puts("       reset can be only used if the module is specified.");
  }
  #endif
  
  static void _print_netopt(netopt_t opt)
  {
      switch (opt) {
          case NETOPT_ADDRESS:
              printf("(short) address");
              break;
  
          case NETOPT_ADDRESS_LONG:
              printf("long address");
              break;
  
          case NETOPT_SRC_LEN:
              printf("source address length");
              break;
  
          case NETOPT_CHANNEL:
              printf("channel");
              break;
  
          case NETOPT_CHANNEL_PAGE:
              printf("page");
              break;
  
          case NETOPT_HOP_LIMIT:
              printf("MTU");
              break;
  
          case NETOPT_MAX_PACKET_SIZE:
              printf("MTU");
              break;
  
          case NETOPT_NID:
              printf("network identifier");
              break;
  
          case NETOPT_TX_POWER:
              printf("TX power [in dBm]");
              break;
  
          case NETOPT_RETRANS:
              printf("max. retransmissions");
              break;
  
          case NETOPT_CSMA_RETRIES:
              printf("CSMA retries");
              break;
  
          case NETOPT_CCA_THRESHOLD:
              printf("CCA threshold [in dBm]");
              break;
  
          case NETOPT_ENCRYPTION:
              printf("encryption");
              break;
  
          case NETOPT_ENCRYPTION_KEY:
              printf("encryption key");
              break;
  
          default:
              /* we don't serve these options here */
              break;
      }
  }
  
  const char *_netopt_state_str[] = {
      [NETOPT_STATE_OFF] = "OFF",
      [NETOPT_STATE_SLEEP] = "SLEEP",
      [NETOPT_STATE_IDLE] = "IDLE",
      [NETOPT_STATE_RX] = "RX",
      [NETOPT_STATE_TX] = "TX",
      [NETOPT_STATE_RESET] = "RESET",
      [NETOPT_STATE_STANDBY] = "STANDBY"
  };
  
  /* for some lines threshold might just be 0, so we can't use _LINE_THRESHOLD
   * here */
  static void _newline(unsigned threshold, unsigned *line_thresh)
  {
      if (*line_thresh > threshold) {
          printf("\n          ");
          *line_thresh = 0U;
      }
  }
  
  
  static unsigned _netif_list_flag(kernel_pid_t iface, netopt_t opt, char *str,
                                   unsigned line_thresh)
  {
      netopt_enable_t enable = NETOPT_DISABLE;
      int res = gnrc_netapi_get(iface, opt, 0, &enable,
                                sizeof(enable));
  
      if ((res >= 0) && (enable == NETOPT_ENABLE)) {
          printf("%s", str);
          line_thresh++;
          _newline(_LINE_THRESHOLD, &line_thresh);
      }
      return line_thresh;
  }
  
  #ifdef MODULE_GNRC_IPV6
  static void _netif_list_ipv6(ipv6_addr_t *addr, uint8_t flags)
  {
      char addr_str[IPV6_ADDR_MAX_STR_LEN];
      unsigned line_thresh = _LINE_THRESHOLD;
  
      printf("inet6 addr: ");
      ipv6_addr_to_str(addr_str, addr, sizeof(addr_str));
      printf("%s  scope: ", addr_str);
      if ((ipv6_addr_is_link_local(addr))) {
          printf("local");
      }
      else {
          printf("global");
      }
      if (flags & GNRC_NETIF2_IPV6_ADDRS_FLAGS_ANYCAST) {
          printf(" [anycast]");
      }
      switch (flags & GNRC_NETIF2_IPV6_ADDRS_FLAGS_STATE_MASK) {
          case GNRC_NETIF2_IPV6_ADDRS_FLAGS_STATE_TENTATIVE:
              printf("  TNT");
              break;
          case GNRC_NETIF2_IPV6_ADDRS_FLAGS_STATE_DEPRECATED:
              printf("  DPR");
              break;
          case GNRC_NETIF2_IPV6_ADDRS_FLAGS_STATE_VALID:
              printf("  VAL");
              break;
      }
      _newline(0U, &line_thresh);
  }
  #endif
  
  static void _netif_list(kernel_pid_t iface)
  {
  #ifdef MODULE_GNRC_IPV6
      ipv6_addr_t ipv6_addrs[GNRC_NETIF2_IPV6_ADDRS_NUMOF];
  #endif
      uint8_t hwaddr[GNRC_NETIF2_L2ADDR_MAXLEN];
      uint16_t u16;
      int16_t i16;
      uint8_t u8;
      int res;
      netopt_state_t state;
      unsigned line_thresh = 1;
  
      printf("Iface %2d ", iface);
      res = gnrc_netapi_get(iface, NETOPT_ADDRESS, 0, hwaddr, sizeof(hwaddr));
      if (res >= 0) {
          char hwaddr_str[res * 3];
          printf(" HWaddr: %s ",
                 gnrc_netif2_addr_to_str(hwaddr, res, hwaddr_str));
      }
      res = gnrc_netapi_get(iface, NETOPT_CHANNEL, 0, &u16, sizeof(u16));
      if (res >= 0) {
          printf(" Channel: %" PRIu16 " ", u16);
      }
      res = gnrc_netapi_get(iface, NETOPT_CHANNEL_PAGE, 0, &u16, sizeof(u16));
      if (res >= 0) {
          printf(" Page: %" PRIu16 " ", u16);
      }
      res = gnrc_netapi_get(iface, NETOPT_NID, 0, &u16, sizeof(u16));
      if (res >= 0) {
          printf(" NID: 0x%" PRIx16, u16);
      }
      _newline(0U, &line_thresh);
      res = gnrc_netapi_get(iface, NETOPT_ADDRESS_LONG, 0, hwaddr, sizeof(hwaddr));
      if (res >= 0) {
          char hwaddr_str[res * 3];
          printf("Long HWaddr: ");
          printf("%s ", gnrc_netif2_addr_to_str(hwaddr, res, hwaddr_str));
          line_thresh++;
      }
      _newline(0U, &line_thresh);
      res = gnrc_netapi_get(iface, NETOPT_TX_POWER, 0, &i16, sizeof(i16));
      if (res >= 0) {
          printf(" TX-Power: %" PRIi16 "dBm ", i16);
      }
      res = gnrc_netapi_get(iface, NETOPT_STATE, 0, &state, sizeof(state));
      if (res >= 0) {
          printf(" State: %s ", _netopt_state_str[state]);
          line_thresh++;
      }
      res = gnrc_netapi_get(iface, NETOPT_RETRANS, 0, &u8, sizeof(u8));
      if (res >= 0) {
          printf(" max. Retrans.: %u ", (unsigned)u8);
          line_thresh++;
      }
      res = gnrc_netapi_get(iface, NETOPT_CSMA_RETRIES, 0, &u8, sizeof(u8));
      if (res >= 0) {
          netopt_enable_t enable = NETOPT_DISABLE;
          res = gnrc_netapi_get(iface, NETOPT_CSMA, 0, &enable, sizeof(enable));
          if ((res >= 0) && (enable == NETOPT_ENABLE)) {
              printf(" CSMA Retries: %u ", (unsigned)u8);
          }
          line_thresh++;
      }
      _newline(0U, &line_thresh);
      line_thresh = _netif_list_flag(iface, NETOPT_PROMISCUOUSMODE, "PROMISC  ",
                                     line_thresh);
      line_thresh = _netif_list_flag(iface, NETOPT_AUTOACK, "AUTOACK  ",
                                     line_thresh);
      line_thresh = _netif_list_flag(iface, NETOPT_ACK_REQ, "ACK_REQ  ",
                                     line_thresh);
      line_thresh = _netif_list_flag(iface, NETOPT_PRELOADING, "PRELOAD  ",
                                     line_thresh);
      line_thresh = _netif_list_flag(iface, NETOPT_RAWMODE, "RAWMODE  ",
                                     line_thresh);
      line_thresh = _netif_list_flag(iface, NETOPT_MAC_NO_SLEEP, "MAC_NO_SLEEP  ",
                                     line_thresh);
      line_thresh = _netif_list_flag(iface, NETOPT_CSMA, "CSMA  ",
                                     line_thresh);
      line_thresh += _LINE_THRESHOLD + 1; /* enforce linebreak after this option */
      line_thresh = _netif_list_flag(iface, NETOPT_AUTOCCA, "AUTOCCA",
                                     line_thresh);
  #ifdef MODULE_GNRC_IPV6
      res = gnrc_netapi_get(iface, NETOPT_MAX_PACKET_SIZE, GNRC_NETTYPE_IPV6, &u16, sizeof(u16));
      if (res > 0) {
          printf("MTU:%" PRIu16 "  ", u16);
          line_thresh++;
      }
      res = gnrc_netapi_get(iface, NETOPT_HOP_LIMIT, 0, &u8, sizeof(u8));
      if (res > 0) {
          printf("HL:%" PRIu16 "  ", u8);
          line_thresh++;
      }
      line_thresh = _netif_list_flag(iface, NETOPT_IPV6_FORWARDING, "RTR  ",
                                     line_thresh);
  #ifndef MODULE_GNRC_SIXLOWPAN_IPHC
      line_thresh += _LINE_THRESHOLD + 1; /* enforce linebreak after this option */
  #endif
      line_thresh = _netif_list_flag(iface, NETOPT_IPV6_SND_RTR_ADV, "RTR_ADV  ",
                                     line_thresh);
  #ifdef MODULE_GNRC_SIXLOWPAN_IPHC
      line_thresh += _LINE_THRESHOLD + 1; /* enforce linebreak after this option */
      line_thresh = _netif_list_flag(iface, NETOPT_6LO_IPHC, "IPHC  ",
                                     line_thresh);
  #endif
  #endif
      res = gnrc_netapi_get(iface, NETOPT_SRC_LEN, 0, &u16, sizeof(u16));
      if (res >= 0) {
          printf("Source address length: %" PRIu16 , u16);
          line_thresh++;
      }
      _newline(0U, &line_thresh);
  #ifdef MODULE_GNRC_IPV6
      printf("Link type: %s",
             (gnrc_netapi_get(iface, NETOPT_IS_WIRED, 0, &u16, sizeof(u16)) > 0) ?
              "wired" : "wireless");
      line_thresh++;
      _newline(0U, &line_thresh);
      res = gnrc_netapi_get(iface, NETOPT_IPV6_ADDR, 0, ipv6_addrs,
                            sizeof(ipv6_addrs));
      if (res >= 0) {
          uint8_t ipv6_addrs_flags[GNRC_NETIF2_IPV6_ADDRS_NUMOF];
  
          memset(ipv6_addrs_flags, 0, sizeof(ipv6_addrs_flags));
          /* assume it to succeed (otherwise array will stay 0) */
          gnrc_netapi_get(iface, NETOPT_IPV6_ADDR_FLAGS, 0, ipv6_addrs_flags,
                          sizeof(ipv6_addrs_flags));
          /* yes, the res of NETOPT_IPV6_ADDR is meant to be here ;-) */
          for (unsigned i = 0; i < (res / sizeof(ipv6_addr_t)); i++) {
              _netif_list_ipv6(&ipv6_addrs[i], ipv6_addrs_flags[i]);
          }
      }
  #endif
  
  #ifdef MODULE_L2FILTER
      l2filter_t *filter = NULL;
      res = gnrc_netapi_get(iface, NETOPT_L2FILTER, 0, &filter, sizeof(filter));
      if (res > 0) {
  #ifdef MODULE_L2FILTER_WHITELIST
          puts("\n           White-listed link layer addresses:");
  #else
          puts("\n           Black-listed link layer addresses:");
  #endif
          int count = 0;
          for (unsigned i = 0; i < L2FILTER_LISTSIZE; i++) {
              if (filter[i].addr_len > 0) {
                  char hwaddr_str[filter[i].addr_len * 3];
                  gnrc_netif2_addr_to_str(filter[i].addr, filter[i].addr_len,
                                          hwaddr_str);
                  printf("            %2i: %s\n", count++, hwaddr_str);
              }
          }
          if (count == 0) {
              puts("            --- none ---");
          }
      }
  #endif
  
  #ifdef MODULE_NETSTATS_L2
      puts("");
      _netif_stats(iface, NETSTATS_LAYER2, false);
  #endif
  #ifdef MODULE_NETSTATS_IPV6
      _netif_stats(iface, NETSTATS_IPV6, false);
  #endif
      puts("");
  }
  
  static int _netif_set_u16(kernel_pid_t iface, netopt_t opt, uint16_t context,
                            char *u16_str)
  {
      unsigned int res;
      bool hex = false;
  
      if (_is_number(u16_str)) {
          if ((res = strtoul(u16_str, NULL, 10)) == ULONG_MAX) {
              puts("error: unable to parse value.\n"
                   "Must be a 16-bit unsigned integer (dec or hex)\n");
              return 1;
          }
      }
      else {
          if ((res = strtoul(u16_str, NULL, 16)) == ULONG_MAX) {
              puts("error: unable to parse value.\n"
                   "Must be a 16-bit unsigned integer (dec or hex)\n");
              return 1;
          }
  
          hex = true;
      }
  
      if (res > 0xffff) {
          puts("error: unable to parse value.\n"
               "Must be a 16-bit unsigned integer (dec or hex)\n");
          return 1;
      }
  
      if (gnrc_netapi_set(iface, opt, context, (uint16_t *)&res,
                          sizeof(uint16_t)) < 0) {
          printf("error: unable to set ");
          _print_netopt(opt);
          puts("");
          return 1;
      }
  
      printf("success: set ");
      _print_netopt(opt);
      printf(" on interface %" PRIkernel_pid " to ", iface);
  
      if (hex) {
          printf("0x%04x\n", res);
      }
      else {
          printf("%u\n", res);
      }
  
      return 0;
  }
  
  static int _netif_set_i16(kernel_pid_t iface, netopt_t opt, char *i16_str)
  {
      int16_t val = atoi(i16_str);
  
      if (gnrc_netapi_set(iface, opt, 0, (int16_t *)&val, sizeof(int16_t)) < 0) {
          printf("error: unable to set ");
          _print_netopt(opt);
          puts("");
          return 1;
      }
  
      printf("success: set ");
      _print_netopt(opt);
      printf(" on interface %" PRIkernel_pid " to %i\n", iface, val);
  
      return 0;
  }
  
  static int _netif_set_u8(kernel_pid_t iface, netopt_t opt, uint16_t context,
                           char *u8_str)
  {
      uint8_t val = atoi(u8_str);
  
      if (gnrc_netapi_set(iface, opt, context, (uint8_t *)&val,
                          sizeof(uint8_t)) < 0) {
          printf("error: unable to set ");
          _print_netopt(opt);
          puts("");
          return 1;
      }
  
      printf("success: set ");
      _print_netopt(opt);
      printf(" on interface %" PRIkernel_pid " to %i\n", iface, val);
  
      return 0;
  }
  
  static int _netif_set_flag(kernel_pid_t iface, netopt_t opt,
                             netopt_enable_t set)
  {
      if (gnrc_netapi_set(iface, opt, 0, &set, sizeof(netopt_enable_t)) < 0) {
          puts("error: unable to set option");
          return 1;
      }
      printf("success: %sset option\n", (set) ? "" : "un");
      return 0;
  }
  
  static int _netif_set_addr(kernel_pid_t iface, netopt_t opt, char *addr_str)
  {
      uint8_t addr[GNRC_NETIF2_L2ADDR_MAXLEN];
      size_t addr_len = gnrc_netif2_addr_from_str(addr_str, addr);
  
      if (addr_len == 0) {
          puts("error: unable to parse address.\n"
               "Must be of format [0-9a-fA-F]{2}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{2})*\n"
               "(hex pairs delimited by colons)");
          return 1;
      }
  
      if (gnrc_netapi_set(iface, opt, 0, addr, addr_len) < 0) {
          printf("error: unable to set ");
          _print_netopt(opt);
          puts("");
          return 1;
      }
  
      printf("success: set ");
      _print_netopt(opt);
      printf(" on interface %" PRIkernel_pid " to %s\n", iface, addr_str);
  
      return 0;
  }
  
  static int _netif_set_state(kernel_pid_t iface, char *state_str)
  {
      netopt_state_t state;
  
      if ((strcmp("off", state_str) == 0) || (strcmp("OFF", state_str) == 0)) {
          state = NETOPT_STATE_OFF;
      }
      else if ((strcmp("sleep", state_str) == 0) ||
               (strcmp("SLEEP", state_str) == 0)) {
          state = NETOPT_STATE_SLEEP;
      }
      else if ((strcmp("idle", state_str) == 0) ||
               (strcmp("IDLE", state_str) == 0)) {
          state = NETOPT_STATE_IDLE;
      }
      else if ((strcmp("reset", state_str) == 0) ||
               (strcmp("RESET", state_str) == 0)) {
          state = NETOPT_STATE_RESET;
      }
      else {
          puts("usage: ifconfig <if_id> set state [off|sleep|idle|reset]");
          return 1;
      }
      if (gnrc_netapi_set(iface, NETOPT_STATE, 0,
                          &state, sizeof(netopt_state_t)) < 0) {
          printf("error: unable to set state to %s\n", _netopt_state_str[state]);
          return 1;
      }
      printf("success: set state of interface %" PRIkernel_pid " to %s\n", iface,
             _netopt_state_str[state]);
  
      return 0;
  }
  
  static int _hex_to_int(char c) {
      if ('0' <= c && c <= '9') {
          return c - '0';
      }
      else if ('a' <= c && c <= 'f') {
          return c - 'a';
      }
      else if ('A' <= c && c <= 'F') {
          return c - 'A';
      }
      else {
          return -1;
      }
  }
  
  static int _netif_set_encrypt_key(kernel_pid_t iface, netopt_t opt, char *key_str)
  {
      size_t str_len = strlen(key_str);
      size_t key_len = str_len / 2;
      uint8_t key[key_len];
  
      if (str_len == 14U) {
          printf("\nNotice: setting 56 bit key.");
      }
      else if (str_len == 16U) {
          printf("\nNotice: setting 64 bit key.");
      }
      else if (str_len == 32U) {
          printf("\nNotice: setting 128 bit key.");
      }
      else if (str_len == 48U) {
          printf("\nNotice: setting 192 bit key.");
      }
      else if (str_len == 64U) {
          printf("\nNotice: setting 256 bit key.");
      }
      else if (str_len == 128U) {
          printf("\nNotice: setting 512 bit key.");
      }
      else {
          printf("error: invalid key size.\n");
          return 1;
      }
      /* Convert any char from ASCII table in hex format */
      for (size_t i = 0; i < str_len; i += 2) {
          int i1 = _hex_to_int(key_str[i]);
          int i2 = _hex_to_int(key_str[i + 1]);
  
          if (i1 == -1 || i2 == -1) {
              puts("error: unable to parse key");
              return 1;
          }
  
          key[i / 2] = (uint8_t)((i1 << 4) + i2);
      }
  
      if (gnrc_netapi_set(iface, opt, 0, key, key_len) < 0) {
          puts("error: unable to set encryption key");
          return 1;
      }
  
      printf("success: set encryption key on interface %" PRIkernel_pid " to \n",
             iface);
      for (size_t i = 0; i < key_len; i++) {
          /* print the hex value of the key */
          printf("%02x", key[i]);
      }
      puts("");
      return 0;
  }
  
  #ifdef MODULE_L2FILTER
  static int _netif_addrm_l2filter(kernel_pid_t iface, char *val, bool add)
  {
      uint8_t addr[GNRC_NETIF2_L2ADDR_MAXLEN];
      size_t addr_len = gnrc_netif2_addr_from_str(val, addr);
  
      if ((addr_len == 0) || (addr_len > L2FILTER_ADDR_MAXLEN)) {
          puts("error: given address is invalid");
          return 1;
      }
  
      if (add) {
          if (gnrc_netapi_set(iface, NETOPT_L2FILTER, 0, addr, addr_len) < 0) {
              puts("unable to add link layer address to filter");
              return 1;
          }
          puts("successfully added address to filter");
      }
      else {
          if (gnrc_netapi_set(iface, NETOPT_L2FILTER_RM, 0, addr, addr_len) < 0) {
              puts("unable to remove link layer address from filter");
              return 1;
          }
          puts("successfully removed address to filter");
      }
      return 0;
  }
  
  static void _l2filter_usage(const char *cmd)
  {
      printf("usage: %s <if_id> l2filter {add|del} <addr>\n", cmd);
  }
  #endif
  
  static void _usage(char *cmd)
  {
      printf("usage: %s\n", cmd);
      _set_usage(cmd);
      _flag_usage(cmd);
      _add_usage(cmd);
      _del_usage(cmd);
  #ifdef MODULE_L2FILTER
      _l2filter_usage(cmd);
  #endif
  #ifdef MODULE_NETSTATS
      _stats_usage(cmd);
  #endif
  }
  
  static int _netif_set(char *cmd_name, kernel_pid_t iface, char *key, char *value)
  {
      if ((strcmp("addr", key) == 0) || (strcmp("addr_short", key) == 0)) {
          return _netif_set_addr(iface, NETOPT_ADDRESS, value);
      }
      else if (strcmp("addr_long", key) == 0) {
          return _netif_set_addr(iface, NETOPT_ADDRESS_LONG, value);
      }
      else if (strcmp("cca_threshold", key) == 0) {
          return _netif_set_u8(iface, NETOPT_CCA_THRESHOLD, 0, value);
      }
      else if ((strcmp("channel", key) == 0) || (strcmp("chan", key) == 0)) {
          return _netif_set_u16(iface, NETOPT_CHANNEL, 0, value);
      }
      else if (strcmp("csma_retries", key) == 0) {
          return _netif_set_u8(iface, NETOPT_CSMA_RETRIES, 0, value);
      }
      else if ((strcmp("hl", key) == 0) || (strcmp("hop_limit", key) == 0)) {
          return _netif_set_u8(iface, NETOPT_HOP_LIMIT, 0, value);
      }
      else if (strcmp("key", key) == 0) {
          return _netif_set_encrypt_key(iface, NETOPT_ENCRYPTION_KEY, value);
      }
  #ifdef MODULE_GNRC_IPV6
      else if (strcmp("mtu", key) == 0) {
          return _netif_set_u16(iface, NETOPT_MAX_PACKET_SIZE, GNRC_NETTYPE_IPV6,
                                value);
      }
  #endif
      else if ((strcmp("nid", key) == 0) || (strcmp("pan", key) == 0) ||
               (strcmp("pan_id", key) == 0)) {
          return _netif_set_u16(iface, NETOPT_NID, 0, value);
      }
      else if (strcmp("page", key) == 0) {
          return _netif_set_u16(iface, NETOPT_CHANNEL_PAGE, 0, value);
      }
      else if (strcmp("power", key) == 0) {
          return _netif_set_i16(iface, NETOPT_TX_POWER, value);
      }
      else if (strcmp("retrans", key) == 0) {
          return _netif_set_u8(iface, NETOPT_RETRANS, 0, value);
      }
      else if (strcmp("src_len", key) == 0) {
          return _netif_set_u16(iface, NETOPT_SRC_LEN, 0, value);
      }
      else if (strcmp("state", key) == 0) {
          return _netif_set_state(iface, value);
      }
  
      _set_usage(cmd_name);
      return 1;
  }
  
  static int _netif_flag(char *cmd, kernel_pid_t iface, char *flag)
  {
      netopt_enable_t set = NETOPT_ENABLE;
  
      if (flag[0] == '-') {
          set = NETOPT_DISABLE;
          flag++;
      }
      for (unsigned i = 0; i < _ARRAY_LEN(flag_cmds); i++) {
          if (strcmp(flag_cmds[i].name, flag) == 0) {
              return _netif_set_flag(iface, flag_cmds[i].opt, set);
          }
      }
      _flag_usage(cmd);
      return 1;
  }
  
  #ifdef MODULE_GNRC_IPV6
  static uint8_t _get_prefix_len(char *addr)
  {
      int prefix_len = ipv6_addr_split(addr, '/', _IPV6_DEFAULT_PREFIX_LEN);
  
      if (prefix_len < 1) {
          prefix_len = _IPV6_DEFAULT_PREFIX_LEN;
      }
  
      return prefix_len;
  }
  #endif
  
  static int _netif_add(char *cmd_name, kernel_pid_t iface, int argc, char **argv)
  {
  #ifdef MODULE_GNRC_IPV6
      enum {
          _UNICAST = 0,
          _ANYCAST
      } type = _UNICAST;
      char *addr_str = argv[0];
      ipv6_addr_t addr;
      uint16_t flags = GNRC_NETIF2_IPV6_ADDRS_FLAGS_STATE_VALID;
      uint8_t prefix_len;
  
      if (argc > 1) {
          if (strcmp(argv[0], "anycast") == 0) {
              type = _ANYCAST;
              addr_str = argv[1];
          }
          else if (strcmp(argv[0], "unicast") == 0) {
              /* type already set to unicast */
              addr_str = argv[1];
          }
          else {
              _add_usage(cmd_name);
              return 1;
          }
      }
  
      prefix_len = _get_prefix_len(addr_str);
  
      if (ipv6_addr_from_str(&addr, addr_str) == NULL) {
          puts("error: unable to parse IPv6 address.");
          return 1;
      }
  
      if (ipv6_addr_is_multicast(&addr)) {
          if (gnrc_netapi_set(iface, NETOPT_IPV6_GROUP, 0, &addr,
                              sizeof(addr)) < 0) {
              printf("error: unable to join IPv6 multicast group\n");
              return 1;
          }
      }
      else {
          if (type == _ANYCAST) {
              flags |= GNRC_NETIF2_IPV6_ADDRS_FLAGS_ANYCAST;
          }
          flags |= (prefix_len << 8U);
          if (gnrc_netapi_set(iface, NETOPT_IPV6_ADDR, flags, &addr,
                              sizeof(addr)) < 0) {
              printf("error: unable to add IPv6 address\n");
              return 1;
          }
      }
  
      printf("success: added %s/%d to interface %" PRIkernel_pid "\n", addr_str,
             prefix_len, iface);
  
      return 0;
  #else
      (void)cmd_name;
      (void)iface;
      (void)argc;
      (void)argv;
      puts("error: unable to add IPv6 address.");
  
      return 1;
  #endif
  }
  
  static int _netif_del(kernel_pid_t iface, char *addr_str)
  {
  #ifdef MODULE_GNRC_IPV6
      ipv6_addr_t addr;
  
      if (ipv6_addr_from_str(&addr, addr_str) == NULL) {
          puts("error: unable to parse IPv6 address.");
          return 1;
      }
  
      if (ipv6_addr_is_multicast(&addr)) {
          if (gnrc_netapi_set(iface, NETOPT_IPV6_GROUP_LEAVE, 0, &addr,
                              sizeof(addr)) < 0) {
              printf("error: unable to leave IPv6 multicast group\n");
              return 1;
          }
      }
      else {
          if (gnrc_netapi_set(iface, NETOPT_IPV6_ADDR_REMOVE, 0, &addr,
                              sizeof(addr)) < 0) {
              printf("error: unable to remove IPv6 address\n");
              return 1;
          }
      }
  
      printf("success: removed %s to interface %" PRIkernel_pid "\n", addr_str,
             iface);
  
      return 0;
  #else
      (void)iface;
      (void)addr_str;
      puts("error: unable to delete IPv6 address.");
      return 1;
  #endif
  }
  
  /* shell commands */
  #ifdef MODULE_GNRC_TXTSND
  int _gnrc_netif2_send(int argc, char **argv)
  {
      kernel_pid_t iface;
      uint8_t addr[GNRC_NETIF2_L2ADDR_MAXLEN];
      size_t addr_len;
      gnrc_pktsnip_t *pkt, *hdr;
      gnrc_netif_hdr_t *nethdr;
      uint8_t flags = 0x00;
  
      if (argc < 4) {
          printf("usage: %s <if> [<L2 addr>|bcast] <data>\n", argv[0]);
          return 1;
      }
  
      /* parse interface */
      iface = atoi(argv[1]);
  
      if (!_is_iface(iface)) {
          puts("error: invalid interface given");
          return 1;
      }
  
      /* parse address */
      addr_len = gnrc_netif2_addr_from_str(argv[2], addr);
  
      if (addr_len == 0) {
          if (strcmp(argv[2], "bcast") == 0) {
              flags |= GNRC_NETIF_HDR_FLAGS_BROADCAST;
          }
          else {
              puts("error: invalid address given");
              return 1;
          }
      }
  
      /* put packet together */
      pkt = gnrc_pktbuf_add(NULL, argv[3], strlen(argv[3]), GNRC_NETTYPE_UNDEF);
      if (pkt == NULL) {
          puts("error: packet buffer full");
          return 1;
      }
      hdr = gnrc_netif_hdr_build(NULL, 0, addr, addr_len);
      if (hdr == NULL) {
          puts("error: packet buffer full");
          gnrc_pktbuf_release(pkt);
          return 1;
      }
      LL_PREPEND(pkt, hdr);
      nethdr = (gnrc_netif_hdr_t *)hdr->data;
      nethdr->flags = flags;
      /* and send it */
      if (gnrc_netapi_send(iface, pkt) < 1) {
          puts("error: unable to send");
          gnrc_pktbuf_release(pkt);
          return 1;
      }
  
      return 0;
  }
  #endif
  
  int _gnrc_netif2_config(int argc, char **argv)
  {
      if (argc < 2) {
          gnrc_netif2_t *netif = NULL;
  
          while ((netif = gnrc_netif2_iter(netif))) {
              _netif_list(netif->pid);
          }
  
          return 0;
      }
      else if (_is_number(argv[1])) {
          kernel_pid_t iface = atoi(argv[1]);
  
          if (_is_iface(iface)) {
              if (argc < 3) {
                  _netif_list(iface);
                  return 0;
              }
              else if (strcmp(argv[2], "set") == 0) {
                  if (argc < 5) {
                      _set_usage(argv[0]);
                      return 1;
                  }
  
                  return _netif_set(argv[0], iface, argv[3], argv[4]);
              }
              else if (strcmp(argv[2], "add") == 0) {
                  if (argc < 4) {
                      _add_usage(argv[0]);
                      return 1;
                  }
  
                  return _netif_add(argv[0], (kernel_pid_t)iface, argc - 3, argv + 3);
              }
              else if (strcmp(argv[2], "del") == 0) {
                  if (argc < 4) {
                      _del_usage(argv[0]);
                      return 1;
                  }
  
                  return _netif_del((kernel_pid_t)iface, argv[3]);
              }
  #ifdef MODULE_L2FILTER
              else if (strcmp(argv[2], "l2filter") == 0) {
                  if (argc < 5) {
                      _l2filter_usage(argv[2]);
                  }
                  else if (strcmp(argv[3], "add") == 0) {
                      return _netif_addrm_l2filter(iface, argv[4], true);
                  }
                  else if (strcmp(argv[3], "del") == 0) {
                      return _netif_addrm_l2filter(iface, argv[4], false);
                  }
                  else {
                      _l2filter_usage(argv[2]);
                  }
                  return 1;
              }
  #endif
  #ifdef MODULE_NETSTATS
              else if (strcmp(argv[2], "stats") == 0) {
                  uint8_t module;
                  bool reset = false;
  
                  /* check for requested module */
                  if ((argc == 3) || (strcmp(argv[3], "all") == 0)) {
                      module = NETSTATS_ALL;
                  }
                  else if (strcmp(argv[3], "l2") == 0) {
                      module = NETSTATS_LAYER2;
                  }
                  else if (strcmp(argv[3], "ipv6") == 0) {
                      module = NETSTATS_IPV6;
                  }
                  else {
                      printf("Module %s doesn't exist or does not provide statistics.\n", argv[3]);
  
                      return 0;
                  }
  
                  /* check if reset flag was given */
                  if ((argc > 4) && (strncmp(argv[4], "reset", 5) == 0)) {
                      reset = true;
                  }
                  if (module & NETSTATS_LAYER2) {
                      _netif_stats((kernel_pid_t) iface, NETSTATS_LAYER2, reset);
                  }
                  if (module & NETSTATS_IPV6) {
                      _netif_stats((kernel_pid_t) iface, NETSTATS_IPV6, reset);
                  }
  
                  return 1;
              }
  #endif
              else if (strcmp(argv[2], "help") == 0) {
                  _usage(argv[0]);
                  return 0;
              }
              else {
                  return _netif_flag(argv[0], iface, argv[2]);
              }
          }
          else {
              puts("error: invalid interface given");
              return 1;
          }
      }
  
      _usage(argv[0]);
      return 1;
  }